Control of two LED lamps via two wires. Schemes for controlling a chandelier over two wires using semiconductors

When dealing with repairs and all sorts of finishing and alterations, not every craftsman is able to provide for all the nuances and “little things.” And renovation and finishing work does not always include a complex of major renovations.

This happens very often with light. More precisely - with. For example: they forgot to run an additional wire for the lighting of the living room, or: they changed the wallpaper in the bedroom, but did not scratch the walls so as not to “spread dirt”, but there is no “evening” lighting for the room at all! There are many similar situations, and the modern idea of comfort is already inextricably linked with the wide possibilities of lighting design, with various options lighting. So let's think, because there are no hopeless situations!

Let's start with the most common case. In old apartments, only two wires are connected to the central chandelier, that is, even simple lighting in “two modes” cannot be done. Hammer the ceiling? Hang several sconces on the walls? Not necessary. There are many different “schemes” for controlling a chandelier via two wires - very simple, medium complexity of implementation and quite serious electronic devices. We will look at the simplest and easiest to repeat switching circuit.

The very principle of “two-position” lighting is very simple, it is enough to reduce the current on the lamps of a lamp or chandelier, and by connecting a diode of sufficient power to the circuit, it will not be difficult to implement two lighting modes.

Using a regular two-key switch, we can turn on our chandelier at “half” power (S1), or at full power (S1 and S2 together). Where is it easier?

But if we add another diode of the same type to our circuit, only turning it on “in the opposite direction,” then the light will turn on when you press any “full-intensity” key, and the second key will turn on the full lighting power again. An additional advantage of such a scheme is that by first turning on the lighting “at full intensity”, we heat up the llama filament, increasing its resistance, and when full voltage is applied, there is no sudden jump in current, as with the usual switching on of cold lamps. Does everyone remember that light bulbs usually burn out the moment they are turned on? So, our circuit will extend the life of incandescent lamps indefinitely!

However, the possibilities of the two-wire circuit are not exhausted. Just a couple of new elements in the circuit make it possible to turn on and off individual groups of lamps.

Quite simple? And the functionality of such a switch is quite at the level - by turning on one switch key, we supply “half” voltage to L1, L2, L3, and lamps L4 and L5 do not turn on at all, since the diode “rectifies” the supply voltage, and the capacitor does not “pass” constant current.

As you can see, you don’t need to be a great specialist or professionally involved in electrical engineering to turn on the light in various configurations, having only a two-wire line at your disposal. To simplify the task even further, the approximate ratio of the power of the connected light bulbs and the capacity of the “control” capacitors:

Of course, these figures are approximate, you can install capacitors with a capacity of ±1.2 µF, it is important that the operating voltage of these devices is NOT LESS than 250V, or better yet, let it be 400V. This is, for example, ceramic capacitors K73-11, diodes should be selected based on the ratio - 500 W? 2.5 A, that is, the forward rated current of the diodes must be at least 2.5 A for a 5-arm chandelier with 100 watt bulbs, and the maximum reverse voltage of the diodes must be at least 250 V. In practice, it is possible to use KD202 diodes with a letter

index Zh, K, M, R, or any diodes KD203, KD206.

For a chandelier of lower power (say, 3 bulbs of 75 Watt each), you can use a KD226 diode V, G, D, E with a direct transmission current of 1.7-2 A.

The diodes for the presented circuits are mounted directly into the switch body, or in the installation box, as follows: From Figure 4 it can be seen that the diodes are connected “towards” each other to the common terminal of the double switch, where voltage is usually supplied, and the “input” and “output” The circuits are on opposite connectors. Nothing complicated. But the capacitors will have to be “hidden” in the casing or body of the chandelier itself, where the power wires are connected.

I would like to hope that thanks to this material, there will be one less “hopeless” situation during repairs!

Power of one light bulb, W Capacitance of the capacitor in the circuit, μF 100 10 75 7,5 60 6,5 40 4,5

To successfully connect any lighting device, at least two wires are required - neutral and phase. If a lamp with several light bulbs is used, then there is often a desire to configure different operating modes (with the illumination of one, two or all light sources).

For these purposes, paired switches or several separate devices connected to different groups of lamps are useful. In this case, additional wiring and switching of a separate phase to each switch is required. All this is relevant at the design stage, but if the apartment has already been renovated and there is a need to replace an ordinary lamp with a multifunctional one, then you will have to use one of two methods.

The first option is to buy a “smart” chandelier with a remote control. Its block diagram already includes support for different modes. The second option is to use certain circuits that provide control of the chandelier via two wires.

Connection diagrams

There are several options for connecting a chandelier for control via two wires. In all cases, there is no need to rout walls or damage the ceiling to install a new cable.

Relay connection system

This option is easy to implement, but its significant disadvantage is the rapid wear of parts. After turning the light on and off a thousand times, the circuit will fail. The elements are hidden under a decorative cap located near the ceiling. About once a year you will have to “gut” the contents and replace burnt out parts.

In the picture below you can see a diagram of the relay connection and control of the lighting device:

The main elements here are two thermistors, one capacitor, relay K1 and a diode bridge.

When the lamp turns on, the cold thermistor R2 increases its resistance. Voltage is supplied to relay K1, which opens the contacts and turns on three lamps in the circuit. After a couple of seconds, the thermistor heats up, due to which the resistance in the circuit decreases and stabilizes.

When the power is turned off for half a second, the thermistor does not have time to cool down, the contacts remain closed. All six available lamps light up. To make the lamp work in the first mode (three lamps), you will need to turn off the voltage for a few seconds. As you can see, this option is unfinished, but can still be implemented at home.

Ways to use semiconductors in chandelier lighting control

The most common method is the use of transistors in circuits for connecting a chandelier over two wires.

Electrical components are durable and allow frequent switching. There are several types of controls to choose from.

Counting pulses are used to control the chandelier. The first resets the counter, the second causes the lights to turn on sequentially. With each subsequent click of the switch, a new group of light sources comes into effect or turns off. To reset the pulses, you will need to pause for 15-20 seconds.

Shift register

The name itself contains the principle of operation of the circuit. The pulse that hits its beginning is transmitted through the circuit to the required outputs. In the future, the principle of operation is identical to the option described above.

Thyristor

To power the control circuit, a diode bridge is used, which acts as a current rectifier. When the switch is activated, the first light in the circuit lights up. The capacitors are gradually charged, while the additional bridge holds the transistor and thyristor in the closed position. When the switch position is changed, the capacitor is recharged.

Microcontrolling a chandelier

To implement the circuit on a microcontroller, a small processor with software is required. With its help, you can choose any operating principle with various variations of additional functions. A similar scheme is used as a basis.

We use diodes

Another idea for controlling a chandelier via two cables involves the use of a diode circuit. Several switches are connected in parallel to each other. To turn on the light bulbs, they use diodes, which are placed both in front of the switches and in front of the lamps. The semiconductor is capable of transmitting only one half-wave of sinusoidal voltage in an industrial network. Therefore, the light source located directly in front of the diode is turned on.

The disadvantage of this option is that each group of lamps is supplied with half the voltage from the power supply. This is appropriate for conventional incandescent lamps, but is not suitable for LED and fluorescent light sources. Even if they turn on, they will fail much faster in the future.

As for incandescent lamps, they will flicker at a frequency of 50 Hz (the same frequency as in a household electrical outlet). This has a negative impact on the well-being of the person in the room, so residential buildings This type of light is not recommended.

Using a diode, you can ensure that all light bulbs with different power are turned on. When you click the first switch, the first half-wave is supplied, and the second switch supplies the entire voltage. This option is suitable for incandescent lamps and LED sources with dimmers. Additionally, the circuit must include capacitors that ensure the inclusion of the first group of sources. A capacitance of 1 μF and a voltage of over 300 V is sufficient. As diodes, you can take domestic KD202, KD203, KD206 or foreign 1n4007.

Thermistor and relay circuit

Another option for connecting and controlling the lamp involves the presence of a relay and a thermistor in the circuit. When switching occurs, voltage is applied to the first part of the circuit, and the lamps connected to it light up. Another group of lamps is powered by a conventional closed relay. When power is applied, the contacts open.

A resistor and a thermistor are connected in parallel to the relay. When current passes through the second element, it gradually heats up. An increase in temperature leads to a decrease in resistance.

The turn-on current is always greater than the holding current. Therefore, with a reduced resistance of the thermistor, the current will pass further, and there will be enough power to the relay to keep it in the on state. To turn on all the lamps, you need to turn off and turn on the circuit again and without a pause. In this case, the thermistor will remain heated, current will continue to flow through it, and the current on the coil will not be enough to open it. To turn on the first group of light bulbs again, you will have to turn off the light, wait 20-30 seconds and press the switch again.

Using a counter

To implement this scheme, you need to use several logical elements. When pulses are applied, logical ones and zeros appear at the output. They are required for activation semiconductor transistors(or other similar elements).

Below you can see the functional diagram:

To turn off the first group and turn on the other, you quickly flip the switch.

The action algorithm is as follows:

EL1 EL.
EL1 EL3 EL.
EL1 EL2 EL3.

When the supply signal reaches input R, the counter is reset. For this to happen, SA1 should be turned off for 15-20 seconds. To generate counting pulses, element DD3 is used.

As you can see, there is a huge number various schemes for switching a chandelier operating from neutral and phase wires.

You should choose one or another option depending on your knowledge of electrical engineering, work experience and the availability of components. The cheaper the connection scheme, the lower its durability and functionality.

Buying a new chandelier risks attracting so many associated problems that it’s easier to continue living under a pristine bare light bulb in the ceiling. And this is not a color harmony with curtains, but a full-fledged electric epic.

Do you disagree with the statement? And we don't think so either. Therefore, today we will learn how to attach an infinite number of chandelier wires to two standard wires.

The relay method has a significant drawback: the system wears out quickly. A maximum of several thousand times of use will lead to circuit failure. As you know, it is located in a decorative cap under the ceiling. It is unlikely that anyone will be inspired by the annual procedures of dismantling a chandelier “at its root.”

Let's get acquainted with the relay connection system. Its main elements:
thermistor R1, R2;
capacitor C1;
relay K1;

diode assembly. When the lamp is turned on, the cold thermistor (R2) has a high resistance force. The relay receives high voltage

, the contacts open and the first 3 lamps in the circuit light up. After 1-2 seconds, the thermistor heats up, which gives a constant but reduced resistance in the circuit.

One of the most popular modern lighting ceiling designs is. To properly connect such a device, you must read the instructions in detail and adhere to certain installation rules.

How to connect wires to a double switch when installing a chandelier with three cables can be read in.

Turning off the power for half a second will be enough to prevent the thermistor from cooling down and all contacts remaining closed. Now all 6 lamps are lit.

You can return the lighting to its previous 50/50 position by turning off the voltage for a few seconds.

The system is somewhat undeveloped, but still has the right to life.

Ways to use semiconductors in chandelier lighting control
The use of transistors is becoming much more popular. Their performance is characterized by long-term operation and high switching frequency. Several controls are provided for review and selection.

Meter based control

Each new press of the switch activates a new pair or group of lamps. To reset the pulses from the counter, it is enough to pause for a third of a minute.

Shift register in control system

The principle is already contained in the name itself. The impulse, hitting the starting point C, is transmitted further along the chain to D and 1.

The incandescent lamp circuit is connected and operates on the same principle as in the example with a meter.

To search for breaks in a faulty electrical network, special ones are used. As an alternative method, this can be done using a radio or smartphone.

Thyristor control system

Rectifier VD6-VD9 powers the entire control circuit. When the switch is turned to the “On” position, the first lamp in the EL3 circuit lights up.

Next, the capacitors charge and accumulate the high and low signal so that DD1 keeps the transistor and thyristor off. When the switch is turned to the "Off" position, the capacitor is recharged.

Microcontrolling a chandelier

The microprocessor is equipped with software. Thanks to this, the operating principle can be unique. After all, such a scheme may have additional built-in functionality in addition to conventional lighting. Nevertheless, the same scheme as in previous cases is taken as a basis.

The connection and control diagrams for the chandelier do not have such significant differences.

Even the electronic system remains true to the original principle.

But what really doesn’t add up is the quality and durability.

How a chandelier connected using a two-wire circuit works in the video

The main disadvantage of two-wire chandelier control schemes using relay elements is the short service life of the relay itself. In terms of its switching wear resistance, the relay can withstand only a few hundred operations. This is primarily due to the large number of mechanical links in the relay design. To eliminate this drawback, a conventional relay is often replaced with transistors capable of switching with a frequency of more than 1 kHz.

Two-wire chandelier control circuit based on K561TM2 meter

In the above diagram, a new group of lamps is connected when switch SA1 is briefly moved from the ON position to the OFF position and back.
The circuit is based on a binary two-digit counter on the K561TM2 microcircuit. The counter's operating algorithm is a sequence of pulses at its outputs: 00b, 01b, 10b and 11b. When a logical “1” appears at the output (switching switch SA1), one of the groups of lamps is connected. Lamp EL1 lights up when switch SA1 is turned on. Further connection of lamps is carried out according to the following algorithm: EL1 & EL2; EL1 & EL3 & EL4; EL1 & EL2 & EL3 & EL4.
The counter is controlled by a counting pulse arriving at input C each time the switch is switched. The counter is reset by applying a pulse to the reset input R. The counter is reset when the switch is turned on, provided that the time interval from the previous shutdown exceeded 15 seconds.
The generation of counting pulses is carried out by the logical element DD1.3. When the circuit is turned on for the first time, a low-level signal is generated at the output of element DD1.3, supported by capacitor C2. When switch SA1 is briefly opened, capacitor C2 is discharged and a high-level signal is generated at the output of element DD1.3. Switching of element DD2.1 occurs on the rising edge of the signal at the counting input. A counting pulse is generated each time switch SA1 is opened.

Two-wire chandelier control circuit based on the K561IR2 shift register

Algorithm of operation of the shift register: when a pulse arrives at the counting input C, the signal at input D is transmitted to output 1 and the information is shifted to subsequent triggers. In the presented circuit, the input always receives a logical “1”, so the output of the microcircuit will generate a number in binary code: 0000, 0001, 0011, 0000. The algorithm for connecting lamps is similar to the previous circuit. The microcircuit is reset when switch S1 is switched for the fourth time.

Two-wire chandelier control circuit based on thyristors

Lamp EL3 lights up when switch SA1 is turned on for the first time. The circuit is powered through the rectifier VD6-VD9. The rectified voltage is supplied to the stabilizer (zener diode VD1 and capacitor C1). Through resistor R2, capacitor C2 is charged, maintaining high level signal at output DD1.1. In this case, capacitor C3 is charged. When capacitor C3 is charged to the required voltage level, a low signal level will appear at the output of DD1.1, and a high signal level will appear at the outputs of elements DD1.2 and DD1.3. Thus, element DD1 holds transistor VT1 and thyristor VS1 in the closed state.
When switch SA1 is switched, capacitor C3 is recharged. In this case, the output DD1.1 is a high level, and the outputs DD1.2 and DD1.3 are a low signal level. The output signals of the logical element DD1 form the opening pulse of the transistor VT1. As a result, voltage appears on the control electrode of the thyristor, transferring it to the open state, lighting lamps EL1 and EL2.

Microcontroller-based chandelier control circuit via two wires

The use of microprocessor technology makes it possible to significantly simplify the circuit design, as well as expand the functionality of the system. A side effect can be considered the need to develop software for the controller itself.

The operating algorithm of the circuit is similar to previous versions of the implementation of chandelier control circuits over two wires. However, the software developer can build advanced functionality into this circuit, such as smoothly turning lamps on and off, adjusting the brightness, turning lights on and off at a certain time.

A problem often arises - we bought three - five (or more) arm chandeliers, but I would like to be able to turn on two or three lamps separately and all together. To do this, you need to have three wires stretched to the chandelier and then everything is simple - we control the chandelier using. But if there are two wires going to the chandelier, then it’s more complicated...

How to control a chandelier using two wires? The simplest solution is to install a diode and turn on the chandelier through the diode and directly, in the first case the chandelier will shine at full intensity, but the flickering of the chandelier lamps will be slightly noticeable. And in this case it will not be possible to use it.

There are more complex circuit on diodes, which allows you to control two groups of lamps via two wires. The diagram is shown in the figure above. Unfortunately, this scheme has the same disadvantages.

This scheme works as follows: When you press the S1 key of a two-key switch, the lamp (group of lamps) L1 turns on, current flows through diodes D1 and D3, L2 does not turn on, because diode D2 is turned on in the opposite direction with respect to D3. Accordingly, when you press the S2 key, lamp L2 turns on.

Diodes are selected based on the power of the lamps. For example, a D226 diode will support a lamp (group of lamps) with a power of up to 60 W. Diodes D245, D246 can withstand power up to 2000 W. The reverse voltage of the diodes must be at least 300 V. Diodes D1, D2 are located in the decorative glass of the chandelier near the ceiling, and diodes D3, D4 are located in the switch body.

Now we will look at a scheme that does not have the disadvantages of the previous one.

Two-wire chandelier control circuit

The diagram shows:

L1 is the first group of chandelier lamps.
L2 is the second group of chandelier lamps.
S1 - switch.
T1 - transformer.
D1-D4 - D202 diodes or KTs402 assembly.
D5 - diode D226D (B, V, D).
Relay RES-9, pass. RS4.524.200.
Capacitor K50-6, 1000 µF, 25V.

Operation of a chandelier control circuit over two wires

When you press the switch key S1, the first group of chandelier lamps L1 lights up. At the same time, voltage is applied to transformer T1, which lowers the voltage to approximately 15V, diode bridge D1-D4 rectifies the voltage. Relay K1 is turned on through normally closed contacts K2.1. Relay K1 switches capacitor C1 to the rectifier with contacts K1.1, the capacitor is charged.

In order to turn on the second group of lamps L2 (in addition to the first), you need to open and close the contacts of switch S1 again. In this case, relay K1 will be de-energized (when S1 opens) and contacts K1.1 will connect the charged capacitor C1 to the winding of relay K2, relay K2 will operate and self-block through its contacts K2.1. In this case, the relay will connect L2 to the network with contacts K2.2.

The time it takes to switch the contacts of switch S1 is determined by the capacitance of capacitor C1; with the indicated capacitance, this time will be at least 1 second.

Scheme details.

L1, L2 - lamps in a chandelier, they can be of any power (the maximum is indicated in the chandelier's passport), it can be either one lamp or several connected in parallel. Lamps can be any - both ordinary and...

S1 is a regular single-key switch.

T1 - step-down transformer 220/15 V, with a power of at least 2 W. You can make the transformer yourself - on a Sh12x12 magnetic core, the primary winding is wound with PEV-1 wire, 0.08 mm - 6600 turns, on a cardboard frame, the secondary winding is wound with PEV-1 wire, 0.15 mm - 450 turns.

Diodes D1-D4 besides those indicated can be any, with a current of at least 400 mA and a reverse voltage of at least 25V.

Diode D5 must be designed for a current of at least 300 mA and a reverse voltage of at least 25V.

Relays, in addition to those indicated, can be used brand RES-22, pass. RF4.500.163 (or RF4.500.131).

Capacitor C1 - any electrolytic capacity at least 500 µF and with an operating voltage of at least 25V. A capacitor can be made up of several, as described.

All the details of the device can be placed on a board with dimensions of approximately 60x80 mm and this board can be placed in a decorative glass of a chandelier near the ceiling.

Be careful when installing the board, do not forget to turn off the power to the chandelier.

Write your wishes in the comments, the article can be changed or supplemented in accordance with them.

Chapter: House and Apartment

In modern houses, as a rule, 3 wires are connected to the chandelier. 1 - neutral and 2 control, current. And the switch has 2 keys. With its help, you can control the chandelier lamps separately. For example, 2 lamps, 3 lamps and switching on 5 lamps together at once.

But in old houses the wiring is usually only two-wire and replacing it with multi-wire is quite problematic. The wire is often carried out in voids concrete slabs ceilings And replacing it or laying a parallel one can only be done during major repairs.

With the cost of electricity constantly rising, the possibility of saving it is beginning to become a prominent item in the home budget. Meanwhile, those whose chandelier is connected via 2 wires are deprived of the ability to control their chandelier. Either it is turned off completely, or it is on full blast.

But the problem can be solved.

The easiest way is to buy (or make it yourself) thyristor regulator brightness of the glow. They are also called dimmers. They are produced in abundance, and in a unified case, and the usual standard switch is simply replaced with such a regulator. But this method has several significant drawbacks. Firstly, such a regulator is still quite expensive - several hundred rubles. It will take more than one year for it to pay off. Secondly, cheap regulators create electrical interference and can degrade television and radio reception, as well as the operation of cordless phones. Thirdly, the adjustable power of such switches is usually very limited (300-500 watts). High power can damage them. And fourthly, the so-called regulators cannot work properly with such regulators. energy-saving lamps . This occurs due to the peculiarities of the way the electronic circuit is regulated.

More expensive dimmers may have touch controls, and even remote control using an IR remote control.

The second way to limit the power of lamps in a chandelier is to sequentially connect a powerful diode to the lamp control wire. The polarity of the diode does not matter. In this case, one switch key connects the chandelier to the phase through a diode, and the second - directly. (see diagram). If a diode is included in the circuit, then it “cuts off” one half-wave of the current and the lamps burn at full intensity. Accordingly, they consume approximately 2 times less energy. Due to the high inertia of the lamp filaments, flickering is unnoticeable. This method doesn't work either. energy-saving lamps. In addition, at high power, the diode should be installed on a small radiator.

The third method is to include a quenching capacitor (capacitors) in the circuit as reactance. Since the capacitance of the capacitors can be changed (selected), it is also possible to select the desired glow levels of the chandelier lamps. For example, using a 3-key switch and 2 capacitors, you can get 4 levels of lamp illumination. (see diagram). Off - level 1 (On 1) - level 2 (On 2) - level 3 (On1 + On 2) - level 4 (On3). Capacitors do not heat up during operation. Their only drawback is their large dimensions for placement in the wall. You also need to select capacitors for the specific power of the lamps used. Don’t forget, the operating voltage of the capacitors must be at least 350-400 volts.

The fourth method does not have any disadvantages, since it uses direct switching on of the lamps without any additional elements in the network. In this case, the switch is simply located... on the chandelier! There are “ceiling” switches on sale that are literally miniature in size (1 x 1 cm) and can be discreetly placed in a chandelier for home handyman it won't be difficult. Or mount it next to the chandelier. The chandelier lamps are connected through this switch (see diagram). In this case, the main switch, as usual, controls the general turning on and off of the light “in general”. But the operating mode of the chandelier is set by the position of the built-in switch. You can, of course, consider a small cord hanging from a chandelier as an aesthetic flaw. But you can decorate it accordingly, in the style of the overall design of the room. Or make it completely invisible and short, with a loop or ring at the end. And turn it on and off using a small sticker with a hook on the end. On ordinary weekdays, switch the chandelier to economy mode, and on “holidays” and during “guests,” switch it to ceremonial light mode.

By the way, if you decide to use a remote-controlled lighting regulator (dimmer), it is not necessary to install it instead of a switch. It can also be mounted directly in the chandelier or next to it. Those. directly on the ceiling.

Konstantin Timoshenko

This happens very often with light. More precisely - s. For example: they forgot to run an additional wire for the lighting of the living room, or: they changed the wallpaper in the bedroom, but did not scratch the walls so as not to “spread dirt”, but there is no “evening” lighting for the room at all! There are many similar situations, and the modern idea of comfort is already inextricably linked with the wide possibilities of lighting design, with various lighting options. So let's think, because there are no hopeless situations!

Let's start with the most common case. In old apartments, only two wires are connected to the central chandelier, that is, even simple lighting in “two modes” cannot be done. Hammer the ceiling? Hang several sconces on the walls? Not necessary. There are many different “schemes” for controlling a chandelier over two wires - very simple, of medium complexity of implementation and quite serious electronic devices. We will look at the simplest and easiest to repeat switching circuit.

Each new press of the switch activates a new pair or group of lamps. To reset the pulses from the counter, it is enough to pause for a third of a minute.

Shift register in control system

The principle is already contained in the name itself. The impulse, hitting the starting point C, is transmitted further along the chain to D and 1.

The incandescent lamp circuit is connected and operates on the same principle as in the example with a meter.

To search for breaks in a faulty electrical network, special ones are used. As an alternative method, this can be done using a radio or smartphone.

Thyristor control system

Rectifier VD6-VD9 powers the entire control circuit. When the switch is turned to the “On” position, the first lamp in the EL3 circuit lights up.

Next, the capacitors charge and accumulate the high and low signal so that DD1 keeps the transistor and thyristor off. When the switch is turned to the "Off" position, the capacitor is recharged.