Stanislavsky A.R. Staged design in construction: towards the harmonization of international standards

International standards in construction were developed with the aim of creating a unified approach to construction and ensuring mutual understanding regarding the quality of construction and methods of fulfilling obligations, defining uniform requirements that would be recognized and implemented by many countries and regulating the relationships between participants in international investment and construction projects.

Thus, the ability to use international standards in construction in one’s work is an opportunity for "Engineering Company "2K" work with international partners, the opportunity to expand the range of their activities and attract foreign partners to cooperation.

In its activities it uses documents developed International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC)- International Federation of Consulting Engineers.

International standards aim to either provide the construction community with model contracts from which specific contracts appropriate to the current project are concluded, or to adhere to technical standards in construction and design that are recognized by the international community. Standard contracts FIDIC are used by our engineers if one or more participants in an investment and construction project are an international organization. These documents are required to be used if the project is financed by international banks, including the World Bank Group (World Bank Group).

EUROCODES are some analogues of Russian building codes and regulations, only more carefully developed, unified and have the status of official European quality standards (EN).

Compliance with international standards in construction is not mandatory for Russian companies. However, compliance with these standards allows us to conclude that the company can work according to international quality standards, and that the facility built by this company is in no way inferior to its foreign counterparts in terms of the materials and technologies used in construction. International standards also oblige the company to comply with the highest standards at the stage of pre-project research and the stage of development of project documentation. In addition, the implementation of these standards from the beginning of the investment and construction project significantly saves investment resources.

In Russia there is now a need to develop new SNiP ov. Active building codes were adopted back in the USSR, but now they are morally outdated. However, the development of SNiPs is a very complex and expensive undertaking; it is most likely that in the near future, even before the development of new SNiPs, Russia will adopt EUROCODES, which will significantly facilitate the investment process.

A feature of international standards is that they pay special attention to the protection of industrial safety, ecology and the environment. Unfortunately, Russian standards do not pay too much attention to these issues, but if a company wants to reach the international level and participate in the implementation of international construction projects, compliance with these standards becomes one of the key competencies.

"Engineering Company "2K" constructs objects, guided by the requirements of international standards in all processes accompanying the construction of the object:

Stage of development and approval of project documentation;
Involvement of technical devices;
Organization of the work process and attraction of labor;
Construction and installation work;
Commissioning works;
Commissioning of the facility.

The facilities built and commissioned by our company are a clear example of compliance with international standards in construction, not in words, but in deeds. The uniqueness of the projects, the scale of the work, the latest equipment, new technologies, the professionalism of the performers, high-quality materials - these are all mandatory characteristics of the objects built "Engineering Company "2K".

It must be emphasized that "Engineering Company "2K" is focused on close interaction with the customer at all stages of construction, which allows for high-quality construction of the facility and prompt control of the work, avoiding cost overruns. Thus, quality, strict adherence to Russian and international standards, customer focus are the factors that have helped us gain a reputation in the market and the trust of international organizations.

Construction organizations around the world « Quality management systems. Requirements » quite active. According to the annual statistical study of the International Organization for Standardization (ed.), in 2011, 83,864 were issued in the construction industry. For comparison, in electricity supplies - only 1,948. It was not possible to find reliable data for Russia, but there is no doubt that in our country the number of construction enterprises that decide on the need for implementation and certification (QMS - ed.) is large and is growing at a rapid pace. This is facilitated by the fact that performers of certain types of work in construction are today subject to mandatory membership in. We are talking about engineering surveys, architectural and construction design, construction, reconstruction, and overhaul of capital construction projects. as a condition of membership for potential participants in their work (More about this - ed.). Despite legislative pressure on the issue, there is still a debate among the expert community in construction regarding the applicability of the standard.

For construction organizations, it is also indicated by the fact that Russian entrepreneurs have access to regulatory documents that clarify and specify their requirements specifically for their industry. There is a Russian national standard GOST R 55048-2012 “Quality management systems. Special requirements for the use of GOST R ISO 9001-2008 in construction". The standard is suitable for certification. It actually contains Additional requirements especially for construction organizations. Among other things, according to this document, the construction company must prescribe the procedure for interested parties to access QMS documentation. The standard requires the creation of a list of quality management system documents that need to be approved by management; keep “recorded copies” of current regulations, administrative, legal and contractual documentation. According to GOST R 55048-2012, shelf life

documents are established “based on the interests of the organization.” In addition, the standard requires the top management of the organization to formulate a marketing policy. The management representative must interact with the customer. Let us add here that although it is not written in the standard, ISO 9001 experts recommend that construction organizations, when implementing ISO 9001, pay special attention to the quality of design, the quality of the production process and the compliance of the quality of the final product with the project, standards and requirements.

Depending on the situation in which a particular Russian construction company finds itself, it may be interested in standards for quality management systems created taking into account ISO 9001 in other countries. In Norway there is "Quality Management System for the Construction industry", In Great Britain “Common minimum standards for procurement of built environments in the public sector”. There are many guides available for implementing ISO 9001 in construction. For example, R NOSTROY 2.35.2-2011 “Guide to the application of the GOST R ISO 9001–2008 standard in construction”. Among the foreign ones we can note ASQ E 2014 "Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team" and ASQ E 1364 "ISO 9001:2008 Interpretive Guide for the Design and Construction Project Team". There are similar standards of construction associations: “QDF”, FTA-IT-90-5001-02.1 "Quality Assurance and Quality Control Guidelines", "CM Standards of Practice". If we talk about “CM Standards of Practice”, it is interesting because, unlike ISO 9001, it literally lists the documentation that needs to be created to obtain high-quality results from the processes of a construction project. This document is written more from the point of view of project implementation than the creation of a quality system. Here is a far from exhaustive list of regulatory documents that can be used in a construction organization, and everyone can find a solution that is convenient in their case. It is a fact that often there is no need to choose between ISO 9001 and its explanations and alternatives. Organizations usually implement and certify ISO 9001 as a basis and common language with any partners (For example, this is the situation in the forestry industry, for more details - ed.). very famous precisely because of its versatility. The organization then profiles its management system against industry requirements and certifications.

V.P. TRAMBOVETSKY, Ph.D. tech. sciences, expert
International standards for design in construction

The successful implementation of the program for the transition to Eurocodes of the participating countries of the Customs Union (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan), taking into account the official entry of our country into the WTO, will to a certain extent depend on studying the experience of the world's leading countries in this area.

The last decades of the 20th century were characterized by rapid progress in the processes of globalization of the world economy. Globalization and construction have also been affected. This was expressed primarily in the harmonization of structural design standards, unification of standards for building materials and products and their testing methods. The ultimate goal of harmonization, of course, is the creation of single, unified world standards based, naturally, on the standards of leading countries. In this article we will limit ourselves to only considering the issues of creating standards or design norms building structures made of concrete.

Today, the harmonization of norms has taken on a regional character, where 3 large regions have emerged: the American continent, Asia and Europe. Europe turned out to be the most advanced in this area.

Created in 1957, the Common Market aimed to create a single economic space with the subsequent involvement of the rest of the continent's countries in it. Today, the European Union already includes 27 countries. And the goals of harmonization of national standards promoted by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) have also been achieved. 10 separate standards for the design of structures made of various building materials, called Eurocodes (EC) or European Standards (EN), and more than 1,500 standards for materials and test methods have been approved and are already in force. Each European country has its own version of the Euronorm with the prefix of the country name, for example, BS EN for Great Britain, DIN EN for Germany, etc.

The design standards for concrete structures (Eurocode for Concrete Structures - Eurocode 2) were created on the basis of the so-called model design standards (Model Code), prepared by an international team of specialists united by the International Federation of Structural Concrete (FIB).

The PBD concept is applicable not only to the design of concrete buildings and structures, but also to the design of concrete composition. For example, while traditional design of concrete mixtures is almost universally carried out on the basis of prescriptive standards, the latest Canadian standard for concrete (2) provides for the alternative use of the PBD concept along with the use of the Prescriptive concept. The PBD version only describes the functional requirements for hardened concrete depending on the conditions of its use. These requirements must be clear, achievable, measurable and binding. They should not contain requirements for production methods and methods and restrictions on the content of ingredients in the mixture, which makes it easier to introduce innovative and often more economical solutions into practice, incl. for the latest so-called high- and super-high-functional concretes - NPC and SHPC.

The PBD concept is very important for the future because... it is aimed at meeting the real needs of the client. It makes the design process integral, involving representatives of many construction specialties, and with the correct distribution of roles and reliable consideration of all factors affecting the material and structure, it increases its safety and durability, in many cases making the project more economical. The PBD concept thus becomes a challenge for today's design professionals, material suppliers, structural engineers and facility users.

It is known that each country can introduce and transform into Eurocodes only those parameters that are pre-provided for in the developed documents. By introducing these parameters and their numerical values, each CEN member country can determine for itself the level of safety and reliability of structures, as well as their economic efficiency. The German National Annex DIN EN 1992-1 -1 /NA began to be prepared in 2005, and now it contains 121 national parameters. In addition to these parameters, DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA contains information that does not contradict the essence of Eurocode-2 about the national standard DIN 1045-1, which is currently in force in parallel, and some other documents that should be taken into account both when designing reinforced concrete structures in Germany itself, and when design abroad for use in Germany.

A new important and decisive step has come into force in European design - a complete transition to unified design standards. By the end of 2012, all EEC member countries are required to completely abandon their national standards and switch to Eurocodes. The Eurocode series includes 2 basic fundamental documents. The first is general design principles (EC0) and the second is loads and effects on structures (EC1). The following are 8 design standards. Among them are standards (EC2) - for the design of concrete structures, (EC3) - steel structures, (EC4) - composite steel and concrete structures, (EC5) - stone structures, (EC6) - wooden structures, (EC7) - geotechnical design , (EC8) - earthquake-resistant structures, (EC9) - aluminum structures.

Eurocode 2 (EC2), in the package with related standards for materials and test methods, including the national annex (NA), contains more than 5 thousand pages of text. During preparatory work, right up to the moment of transition, each participating country, in addition to forming the text of the national annex, checked the applicability of the new documents to the characteristics of their countries, incl. Possibility of using automated design methods. For example, in Germany, a specially created commission checked the compliance of the new document with the hitherto valid document DIN 1045-1, and the authors of the existing computer programs design engineers, such as Dicad and Starcon, carried out experimental design of some structures and, as a result of the checks performed, made appropriate adjustments to them. It should be mentioned here that fib has recently completed the preparation of the Model Code 2010 (3), which will be used in the next revision of Eurocode 2 until 2018 (4).

Asia is the largest and fastest growing economic zone of the 21st century. It represents more than one third of the world market, consuming more than half of the world's cement production. Large international economic associations and organizations have been created and operate here, incl. Association of Southeast Asian Nations - ASEAN. Most of the national codes for the design of concrete structures in Asia have been created with significant influence from similar American and European, mainly British, codes.

However, climatic, technological and economic conditions, as well as the properties of building materials in Asian countries differ significantly not only from American and European ones, but also differ markedly between neighboring Asian countries. At the same time, large projects carried out in Asian countries are implemented at a multinational level, drawing on design standards from some Asian countries as well as countries from other regions and continents. Therefore, international harmonization of design standards for Asia is long overdue. For this purpose, in 1994, an international committee (ICCMC) was formed to create model (exemplary) standards for the design of concrete structures for Asia and the Pacific region, which included representatives of 15 countries, incl. Australia, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Japan, etc. The committee began work in coordination with the ISO/TC71 committee. In 2001, the first Asian Design Code (ASDC) was published by the ICCMC with a multi-level document structure (5). It should be mentioned here that the advanced PBD concept was put into practice for the first time.

The current 2006 edition of the ASMC Model Standards combines the PBD concept and a multi-level document structure. The documents of the first and second levels contain basic provisions on calculations, materials, recommendations for construction and operation and some other provisions that are the same for any type of structure and for any country. Documents of the third level are prepared separately by specific countries independently in the form of national design standards based on documents of the previous two levels. To date, third-level documents in many Asian countries are only in the development stage, but have already appeared in completed form, for example, in Thailand and Vietnam. Thus, the multi-level structure of the document allows us to maintain significant diversity in these types of documents in Asia.

It is quite natural that the initiative and leading role in the work of the ICCMC committee was played by Japanese experts, who proposed using the Japanese analogue of the Standard Specification of Concrete Structures, developed by the Japanese Society of Structural Engineers (JSCE), as the basis for creating ASMC standards.

Comparing Asian design documents with European ones, one cannot help but note a certain similarity in their approaches. For example, Eurocode 2 also uses the PBD concept, and in Asian design codes Level 3 documents are somewhat reminiscent of European National Annexes.

The history of the creation and development of documents on the design of concrete structures in the USA differs significantly from those discussed above. The widespread introduction of concrete blocks into construction practice, along with bricks, led to the creation in 1904 of the American Concrete Institute (AO), which is a non-profit association of manufacturers and consumers of concrete and products made from it. Its goal is to collect and disseminate knowledge about concrete by holding seminars and conferences, publishing books and magazines, implementing certification programs, etc. The Institute annually publishes a Manual of Concrete Practice containing various recommendations, standards and other regulatory documents. In 1929, due to the increase in high-rise construction and the widespread use of structural (reinforced) concrete for it, Technical Committee 318 was created at ACI. Currently, it includes more than 10 subcommittees, and it still continues to prepare, publish and periodic reissue of an important design document, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ACI-318.

ACI has created 98 branches, which currently operate in different regions of the United States and in other countries. More than 20 thousand specialists in different countries of the world are registered members of ACI. ACI has created and is actively working on a special group that oversees the work of the ISO/TC71 committee “Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete”.
The most distinctive feature of US norms and standards, incl. ASTM and ANSI are voluntary and require consensus upon adoption.

If the true goal of the authors of a standard is to want everyone to comply voluntarily with it rather than to circumvent it, then achieving consensus is the best solution. As is known, consensus can only be found as a result of the joint work of participants striving for an accurate and adequate presentation of different points of view on a certain issue. Participants in the discussion should try to come to the best possible solution, and not defend the opinion of the majority, which often comes to the detriment of the minority.

Consensus involves taking into account and agreeing on the opinions of all participants in the discussion. All participants have the same opportunity to make a proposal, supplement it, veto it or block it. Typically, consensus is considered reached if there are abstentions from voting, but no votes against. Achieving unanimity in standardization is the ideal of consensus. The ISO and CEN committees adhere to similar principles when harmonizing the texts of adopted standards.

Until 1997, there were no uniform regulations in the United States. Several rule-making organizations operating in the United States created their own norms or design standards, which were valid only in certain states. In 1994, the International Code Council (ICC) was formed, and in 1997 it published the first edition of the country's International Building Code (IBC) in US history. A three-year period for revision of the IBC was established; the 2012 edition is currently in effect.

IBC standards include general principles and requirements for buildings and structures, including their classification, space-planning solutions, interior decoration, construction of foundations, walls and coverings of buildings, fire safety systems, elevators and escalators, emergency exits, accessibility of the created environment for people with disabilities, etc.
The IBC standards in their sections refer to the refereed standards of other well-known standard-setting organizations, such as ASTM and ANSI, as well as to the standards of industry associations that they recommend for use in the design of structures made of specific materials, including, in particular, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI-318).
The ACI-318 Committee is currently revising the 2008 edition, which was expected to be completed in 6 years with ACI-318-14 (6). However, due to the fact that the next reissue of the IBC is due to take place in 2013, the committee members were forced to complete their work on revising the document by the end of 2012 in order to have the AST-318-13 document ready in time for inclusion in the IBC by the mentioned deadline.

The main goals of the current revision were the desire of the authors of the document to simplify and facilitate its use as much as possible for users of the document while simultaneously eliminating possible design errors. To this end, the structure of the entire document is currently being reorganized. The first chapters with general requirements will be followed by separate chapters on calculations for individual structural elements (slabs, columns, beams, foundations, etc.). In these chapters, the calculation of each element will be accompanied by all the information necessary for this in a logical sequence, i.e. the search for the required information in other sections is eliminated. Naturally, such a reorganization of the structure will require a large amount of work to eliminate duplication. An exception is made only for the chapter on calculations for seismic effects. Its content will not be divided into chapters for the calculation of individual elements, but will remain in the form of a separate chapter, but without significant changes, since this chapter was already revised in 2008. To simplify the calculations, many calculation data will be presented in the document in tabular form, and the document will have a block construction.

Among the general requirements chapters there will be a chapter on requirements for individual structural elements and structural systems with performance requirements (Performance requirements), as well as a chapter on durability design. The concept of PBD, which provides for the definition of specified requirements for a structure, but does not impose methods for achieving these requirements, was developed, as already mentioned, in the USA by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) with the support of the Ministry of Construction back in the 1970s. The concept was further developed in the early 1990s with the creation, based on consensus, of criteria

Performance for residential buildings to limit energy and material consumption as much as possible at all stages of the building life cycle. Special mention should be made of the Recommendations for the design of high-rise buildings for seismic loads, created by the International Committee on Tall Buildings in the USA, taking into account the PBD concept (7).

Naturally, the authors of the ACI-318 design standard, as well as the authors of the American international design standards (International Building Code), are interested in their widest distribution throughout the world, primarily in Latin American countries, as evidenced by the network of ACI branches, a large number of foreign specialists who are members of ACI, and the cooperation of the TC71 committee with the most widely known international organization ISO. The same thesis is confirmed by the authorized translation of the ACI-318 standard into Spanish and Korean.

The presented brief overview of the dynamics of development of international design standards in construction indicates an increasing penetration of elements of globalization into the construction field and the formation of large regional markets. As for the standards and design norms being created in construction, the dominant trends in them are the principles of consensus and voluntariness, as well as the emerging transition to the use of the PBD concept.

Speaking about the prospects for rule-making in the field of construction design in our country, it should be noted that, as is known, the program and plan for the corresponding comprehensive transition to Eurocodes of the member countries of the Customs Union (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) were approved back in April 2011. Thus, The transition to Eurocodes for our country, taking into account accession to the WTO, is today, in addition to technical problems, only a matter of time. The acceleration of this process can be greatly facilitated by studying the positive and negative experience accumulated in this area by the countries of Europe and Asia.

Bibliography

1. National Institute for Standards and Technology /’Building and Fire Research Laboratory, 2008.
2. CSA Standards A23-1 -04/ A23-2-04. Concrete materials and methods and concrete construction / Methods of test and standard practices for concrete.
3. Model Code 2010. First complete draft, fib Bulletins No. 55 and No. 56, 2010.
5. International code harmonization. The role of 4.M. Tillman.
Introduction of the Eurocodes in Germany. BFT International, no. 6,
2012.
the Asian Concrete Model Code. Structural Concrete, No. 1, 2011.
6. Charles W. Dolan and Randall W. Poston. "The reorganized ACI318 Code Structure", Concrete International, No. 10, October 2010.
7. Guidelines for Performance - Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings. PEER, V. 1.0, 2010

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Staged design in construction: towards the harmonization of international standards

Stanislavsky Andrey Radievich, chief specialist of the marketing service

annotation

In the context of the harmonization of international standards, the article analyzes the definition of stages in the design of capital construction projects by experts of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) and compares this model with the model of design stages in the international standards EN and ISO. Models of design stages used by active participants in international investment and construction activities are also analyzed.

Keywords: European Norms, ISO, design, design stages, construction, FIDIC.

Harmonization of international standards is an urgent task in many sectors of the economy. Work on the harmonization of standards is actively carried out within the framework of such international economic organizations as the International Organization for Standardization (standards ISO), European Committee for Standardization (standards EN) etc. The harmonization processes also affected international standards in the field of providing consulting and engineering services in construction.

In previous publications (,), we had the opportunity to discuss some of these standards, in particular the standard ISO 16813:2006“Design of buildings taking into account environmental requirements - Environmental requirements for interior spaces - General principles", adapted from the Russian GOST R 55654-2013 “Design of buildings taking into account environmental requirements”, and the standard EN 16310:2013"Engineering Services - Terminology to describe engineering services for buildings, infrastructure and industrial facilities".

In we pointed out the elements of harmonization between standardization systems EN And ISO:

In many cases, definitions of terms are taken from current European Norms (EN) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) regulations. This ensures, on the one hand, continuity between standards within EN, and on the other, connection with the most authoritative global standardization system, ISO.

Efforts to harmonize standards in the field of providing consulting services in construction are also being undertaken within the framework of an authoritative international industry professional association - the International Federation of Consulting Engineers ( Federation Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils, FIDIC). FIDIC known primarily for its development of “standard contract terms to regulate relations between participants in international investment and construction activities,” which are widely used in international projects.

In this article we will analyze how design stages are determined by experts FIDIC, and compare this model with the models described in the standards EN And ISO. In conclusion, we will look at what models of construction design stages are used by some well-known international consulting companies - active participants in international investment and construction activities - and compare them with the models described in the standards EN, ISO And FIDIC.

FIDIC was founded in 1913 to promote and implement the strategic goals of its member associations, as well as disseminate information and resources of interest to members FIDIC. Today members FIDIC are representatives of more than 97 countries.

Issues of design stages in construction are discussed in the publication FIDIC"Guide to Defining Services (Building Construction)", [i] which, according to its authors, attempts to "a) bring together the best global practice in defining engineering services and b) provide a framework for defining the scope, delivery and benchmarking of these services if necessary."

The document's preamble emphasizes the particular importance for consulting engineers of "widespread coordination of design documents between different disciplines" and the need for "relatively formal coordination of the information provided by each discipline to complete each design stage."

The Guidelines define 5 stages that relate to the “pre-project” and “project” periods of the life cycle of a construction project (alternative names are indicated in brackets):

1. Scoping of Services Phase (Engagement or Appointment Phase);

2. Pre-Design Phase (Programming Phase);

3. Schematic Design Phase (Concept or Preliminary Phase);

4. Developed Design Phase;

5. Construction Documentation Phase (Detailed Design or Working Drawings Phase).

Subsequent sections of the document describe in detail the scope of services expected by each stage, which provides sufficient information to productively compare these descriptions with descriptions of design stages in other regulatory documents.

As a “lyrical digression”, it is worth noting that in the popular online dictionary of economic terms businessdictionary.com the names of design stages in construction are almost identical to the terms adopted in the Guide:

· Schematic Design Phase

· Design Development Phase

· Construction Document Phase (working drawings, specifications, and bidding documents)

This may indicate a fairly high status of this model in international economic discourse.

An additional basis for comparing the design stage model FIDIC In comparison with the models proposed by other regulatory documents, for example, the fact that experts are involved in developing the latter FIDIC. Thus, specialists from the “European Federation of Associations of Consulting Engineers” ( European Federation of Consulting Engineers Associations, EFCA), representing FIDIC in Europe, directly developed the European standard EN 16310:2013 and “actively market [it].”

Results of comparison of the design stages model FIDIC with similar models from other standards, as well as with the “typical design stages” we proposed earlier (see and ), are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Comparison of design stages in various regulatory documents

If the localization of “pre-design” stages (stages “0. Pre-design materials” and “1. Feasibility study”) is in the standard FIDIC did not cause serious difficulties, then clarifying the relationship between the “design” stages in FIDIC and other standards required a more in-depth analysis of the volume of services provided at each of them. Despite the great similarity in the terminology used, the volume of services implied even by the stages of the same name, in FIDIC and standards ISO 16813:2006 And EN 16310:2013 vary. Therefore we should not be surprised, for example, that Schematic Design Phase standard FIDIC covers not only the stage Schematic Design, but also an earlier stage, Design Concept, A Detailed Design V FIDIC in corresponds not Detail Design, A Construction Design.

Taking Table 1 as a “snapshot” of the current state in terms of harmonization of terminology when determining design stages in construction, let’s look at how the terminological systems proposed by these regulatory documents relate to design stage models used by well-known international consulting companies providing engineering services in construction. To save space, we will limit our selection to companies working in the field of hydropower and hydraulic engineering construction.

Table 2 shows design staging models used by consulting and engineering member companies of the International Hydropower Association ( International Hydropower Association I.H.A.) and other well-known representatives of this industry segment.

As can be seen from the table, the companies presented widely use the terminology found in the reviewed regulatory documents. However, it is hardly possible to talk about any preferences in the implementation of one or another design stage model: ISO, EN or FIDIC. Rather, companies use their own models, drawing on the terminological base accumulated in the industry, but without obvious reference to specific international standards.

In the presented models, the relatively frequent term for describing the “pre-project” stages is the term Feasibility Study, “design” - Detailed Design And Construction Design. On the other hand, the term Schematic Design, mentioned in the three standards reviewed, is not found in any of the listed companies.

The names of stages that are not in the standards cannot attract attention ISO, EN And FIDIC: Reconnaissance, Value Engineering, Shop Drawings, Engineering Design, Contract Design, Bid Design, Tender Design etc. The volume of services implied by most of these “non-systemic” stages can be approximately determined by its place in each specific model. A special case is the “design” stage Tender Design, found in many companies. Yes, companies Stucky, ELC-Electroconsult And ILF it roughly corresponds to stage “4. Detailed documentation”, for the companies AECOM, EF Group and ENTEC - stages “2. Sketch" and "3. Project". From companies Tractebel Engineering / Coyne et Bellier this stage seems to cover all the “project” stages, and the company SWECO it probably corresponds only to the first of them - “2. Preliminary design".

Harmonization of international standards in the field of providing consulting and engineering services in construction is a process initiated and actively implemented by a number of international organizations. Based on our comparative analysis of design stage models in construction, in general we can say that between the corresponding family standards.

Table 2. Design stages in consulting companies providing engineering services in the field of hydropower and hydraulic engineering construction

EN, ISO, FIDIC A fairly high degree of harmonization has already been achieved. However, as we have seen in the example of staged design models used today by well-known players in the international investment and construction market, the process of introducing such harmonized models “to the masses” promises to be long. investment construction consulting

Bibliography

1. Stanislavsky A.R. Determination of stages of design of construction projects in international and national regulatory documents // Economics and management of innovative technologies. 2014. No. 1 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2014/01/3642 (access date: 06/14/2015).

2. Stanislavsky A.R. Staged design in construction: a European approach // Economics and management of innovative technologies. 2014. No. 10 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2014/10/6049 (access date: 06/14/2015).

3. ISO 16813:2006. Building environment design - Indoor environment - General Principles. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization. 2006. 15 p.

4. GOST R 55654-2013. Design of buildings taking into account environmental requirements. M. 2013. v, 25 p.

5. EN 16310:2013. Engineering services - Terminology to describe engineering services for buildings, infrastructure and industrial facilities.Brussels, European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2013.

6. International Federation of Consulting Engineers // Wikipedia [Electronic resource]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (access date: 06/14/2015).

7. About FIDIC // International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) [Electronic resource]. URL: http://fidic.org/about-fidic (access date: 06/14/2015).

8. Definition of Services Guidelines (Building Construction). Geneva, Federation Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils (FIDIC), 2009, pp. iv, 38.

9. Businessdictionary.com [electronic resource]. URL: http://www.businessdictionary.com (access date: 06/14/2015).

10. New standards can ease the way for better cross-border cooperation in construction industry // The Voice of EFCA. 2013 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.efcanet.org/Portals/EFCA/ELOKET/9089/Voice%20of%20EFCA%2010.pdf (access date: 06/14/2015).

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